In leukemia, chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation are standard; for refractory/relapsed cases, CAR-T cell therapy is a licensed option in Japan, while next-generation PiggyBac CAR-T and iPSC-derived cells advance through research programs.
CAR-T is a licensed therapy based on reprogramming immune cells in certain blood cancers.
PiggyBac technology is an investigational approach aiming to simplify cell manufacturing.
iPSC-derived cell therapies are being developed under Kyoto CiRA's leadership.
Cell therapies require serious side-effect monitoring and are applied only at qualified centers; eligibility is the hematology board's decision.