For liver tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma and metastases), surgery and ablation are standard; when these are unsuitable, heavy ion and catheter-based regional therapies are among the advanced options evaluated in Japan.
Heavy ion therapy is a precise beam method aimed at preserving liver function.
Intra-arterial regional catheter therapies (IGT) are applied without incision.
Personalized vaccine (AFTV) can be discussed as a supportive protocol in suitable cases.
Liver reserve (e.g. Child-Pugh) directly affects treatment selection; the decision belongs to the hepatology and oncology board.